Patent cases are well-suited for detailed empirical investigations because of the availability of specialized databases, such as the Stanford IP Litigation Clearinghouse (IPLC) … See http://www.law.stanford.edu/program/centers/iplc. The IPLC is presently operated by a private company, Lex Machina, Inc. (https://lexmachina.com) in Palo Alto, California. The dataset for the empirical study reported in this Article was compiled primarily through the IPLC. See infra Part III.